sulfur or chlorine or not ** Jane etc ... as races may be a net.
We have found that the so-called rock groups is the name of metal materials that are earth's crust.
With that there are many rocks consist of one metal material such as those that exist in abundance in the alpine region and that gives us white marble, it is made up of metal and one is calcite. The group Dolomite mountains in northern Italy is made up of rocks and other vehicle is of metal Aldoolomt. These rocks, known as ((Statistics rocks)).
The metallurgy is a science that deals with the natural minerals that are found within the earth's crust condition. This flag is also looking at the properties of metals and works with them to detect and analyze samples careful analysis to detect physical and chemical composition, characteristics and other ...
It consists of metals chemical element and one is a famous tab known as sections ((Mendeleev table)). That it is rare to find any of them in isolation or in the case of purity sincere. It is often found various other elements of the pillars of the same, even if we found pure or by a very small proportion of impurities, we call it the name ((pure element)).
• Gold: 2.5 degree of hardness, specific density of 19.6 g / cm 3, a yellow and metallic luster. There is either a gold dust and either in the form of particles or granules. And what's more gold is used in jewelry industry, if the caliber of 24-carat pure gold was and if it was 18 carats contains 75% pure gold.
Gold has impressed people since ancient times they sought him and battled him. You can pull gold in the form of thin sheets per thickness of which does not exceed 12000/1 mm. That acquires hardness If mixing copper. Within the soil it takes the form of veins or mixed with sand has led to the search for new geographical discoveries and the densely populated cities in places may not be habitable. It is also used as a cover for criticism paper in most countries of the world and in jewelry, coins and paint pots industry.
Distributed gold in the following countries and South Africa (Angola and Transvalya), Canada, the United States, Australia, Ghana, Rhodesia, the Philippines, Mulumbaa, Japan, pain ** Iike, Congo, Nicaragua, Egypt, Russia (Siberia, the Urals), India, China and the UK Saudi Arabia.
• Silver: the degree of hardness 2.5 - 3, qualitative density of 10.5 g / cm 3 for a white metallic luster. They are found in the form of tree blocks or in the form of intertwined filaments and the largest mines are in pain Iike ** In Canada, Peru, used almost as gold.
• Copper: The degree of hardness 3, qualitative density 8.9 g / cm 3, to the color red, metallic luster. It is a relatively rare metal and there in the form of antiseptic beautiful complex crystals. It was discovered by the Iron: The countries of the eastern Mediterranean known copper and used it since about 3600 BC.
Lin and copper in its natural state, but is gaining a bit of hardness if mixing tin, so that gives a bronze tin to be 8% of the total weight. And also it blends with nickel, zinc or with silicon and manganese with gold or gives other forms of metals are used in various industries.
Copper is found in nature and a net in the form of metals are: copper sulfur ScU, or hand ** Copper CuO, polycarbonate and copper co3cu. The industry is going through in three stages: the first and second concludes in which impurities are separated from the rest of minerals and third net to make it pure. And the process of conducting these purified by electrolysis solution in industrial centers where electricity is available. Copper is also used in machinery and flexes the radio industry and in some household appliances and cars.
Copper production is distributed in the following countries: the United States, Russia, Canada, Althley, Peru, pain ** Iike ... etc. It is estimated copper reserves in the world's 130 million tons, of which 70 million tons in the Americas alone. That's what made it for a period of controlling the trade in copper along with Japan, but aluminum and other metal alloys that have managed solutions replace copper eased crowding out of this control.
• Platinum: 4.5 degree of hardness, density quality 21 g / cm 3, which is white gray, metallic luster. It is there in the form of round granules, especially in the Urals in Russia, Canada and Colombia. Platinum is used in jewelery and precious Alwatq vessels and laboratories if the degree of melting in 1750 D.m.
• Iron: 5 degree of hardness, density quality 7.8 g / cm 3, the color gray, metallic luster. Iron is used in more industries, including mechanical machinery, commercial and military fleets, weapons, construction, railways and factories. Heavy industry was not without light or iron so it was said ((The state what progress is measured by the amount of iron, which manufactured by that State)). For this reason, many demand and increased use since the beginning of the nineteenth century hauling industry of the greatest industries in the world. It is characterized with the following characteristics: a heavy need a lot of coal to produce steel, and many need to be supported worker, and provide the necessary Ttaghizah for various industrial materials activities.
That must be available in iron ore, in order to be usable the following conditions: to be rich in iron which contain 60% of the iron, to be pure of harmful impurities such as phosphorus and beneficial Kalkrom, and to be finally plentiful.
Rail industry is characterized by extremely important and profoundly affect the economic situation and therefore the political situation. The spread of iron in the earth's crust at different rates ranging between 5 and 70%. The most important rock that is extracted from it: Almagnati, (which Ajodha) and hematite and limonite and Alsedric.
And the intervention of some metals in the iron industry standing, hardness and resistance are: manganese. The most important countries which are produced by Russia, India, South Africa and Brazil. And also it enters Almrom important producing countries are: Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Cuba, Rhodesia. Altangostin The most important producing countries are Malaysia, China, the United States.
The production of iron and is distributed in the following countries: United States, Brazil, Venezuela, Britain, Germany, France, Sweden, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania ... etc.
Finally we point out that 85% of North American production of iron is in the Lakes region and that Peru and Russia produce minerals mixed with iron increases the hardness Hee vanadium.
• Aluminium: a modern metal discovery, since it only discovered in the late nineteenth century and after the remarkable progress in the science of chemistry g extract mixed with Bala ** Jane in the form of metals called ** At Albu, relative to the French city of Bauxe, where it was for the first time , the world's chemical and Keller Wokler.
And metals Albu ** At containing ratio ranging between 20 and 25% of the raw aluminum. After we get rid of impurities on the hands or ** pure aluminum (alumina) and then separates the initial Jane ** Secretary-by power supply we get pure aluminum.
Features that aluminum metal lighter weight and transmission of electrical current and, thanks to its color White harmful to acquire resistance to blue if mixing copper and magnesium is used in the manufacture of kitchen utensils in the automotive, wire and motor industry and aircraft industry.
Aluminum production is distributed in the following countries: France, Hungary, Italy, ... etc. That Jamaica occupies first place in the production.
radioactive minerals: uranium
Uranium ore were not to know before World War II and then take him exploration is increasing in the world. That metal is present in rocks dating back to the era of pre-Cambrian rocks in the first phase. A fierce blast is used in nuclear power, which in turn is going ships and submarines and generate electricity making. The world's uranium is used for peaceful purposes in medicine shops military purposes.
There are more likely radioactive metals are Ataiwriom and lithium, hydrogen, plutonium and fission are all Qaalh.
Distributed these metals production in Russia, the People's China, the United States ... etc. But the quantities remain confidential military reasons.
Not suitable for the exploitation of uranium ore that were not contained on the ratio of not less than 2 per thousand of any metal 2 kg of metal in a thousand kilos of metals.
nonferrous metal: the most important.
• Diamond: chemical composition of carbon is met, the degree of hardness 10, awareness density 3.5 g / cm 3. Raw diamond is not sheen polished diamonds show curvatures in the face. Then it is rare.
• graphite: plug the chemical is a natural or industrial carbon, the degree of hardness 1, qualitative density of 2.2 g / cm 3, the color black, semi-metallic luster, and its appearance lipid. If the rare diamond, the nature provide some sort of carbon at least in purity carbon for diamonds, namely graphite.
And exploit the vulnerability of the fragmentation of graphite and color pencils in black industry can be used as conductor of electricity it is located in the island of Ceylon, Siberia and North Omrca.
composite metals from sulfur
• zinc ore: chemical composition is Kbritoz zinc, the degree of hardness, specific density of 3.9 g / cm 3 and its color varies between white and dark brown, and some types of optical radiation and is available in abundance and extracted from the zinc.
• Alsinabar: chemical composition is Kbritoz mercury, 2.5 degree of hardness, density quality 8.1 g / cm 3, the color crimson or black, earthy luster, and is available in Spain (in the cities mines that was the Carthaginians exploit) and in Italy and the United States.
• Albierit: chemical composition is Kbritoz iron, hardness degree 6, density quality 5 g / cm 3, its yellow color and luster Floe. There are in the form of beautiful crystals used in the production of sulfuric acid. It is widely available in many of the private in the United States, Spain, Russia and countries.
• Alchalkuperet: The chemical composition of double Kbritoz iron and copper. 4 degree of hardness, density quality 4.3 g / cm 3, to crispy golden yellow color to shine bright. There is abundant in North and South America and in Spain.
metals except ** hand:
• quartz (quartz): chemical composition is silica or silicon or ** hand, the degree of hardness 7, specific density of 2.65 g / cm 3. There are in Brazil and Italy is either pure transparent colorless and called the name of rock crystal. Or purple (because it has a little of manganese, known as Aljhmt Jamri or sapphire). There are in Uruguay and Brazil. But if the color yellow is defined as the Emerald false (Brazil). If brown in color is defined as the quartz Allbani found in the Alps in the province of Uri Uri in Switzerland, that all these forms are translucent.
• Garnet: Calcedon is either dark or white if pure. If the redness is defined marred by red agate, and jade behalf if tilted to brown in color and yellowing as the Alkrizueraz if the green, and when it is composed of strips of different colors is defined as the jade bar, and in the name onyx If Ohlotenh Mdzah. All of these precious stones known as hardwood and while fine-tune used in jewelry and gems industry.
• Sapphire: chemical composition is aluminum or ** d, 9 degree of hardness, density quality 4 g / cm 3, a colorless if pure. It consists of many stones Sapphire if it contains some impurities is defined red rubies if the red (no in Burma) and sapphires if the impurities blue (found in Thailand). Some stones Sapphire least as there are beautiful and known as Al Dhafrah stone.
• Bloodstone: The chemical composition is or ** hand of iron, varying the degree of hardness from 1 to 6, quality of 5.2 g / cc density 3 color gray or brown and when turned into powder becomes the color red pours and plays an important role in the extraction of iron operations, there is a lot in Sweden, Spain, Canada, Brazil, France and the island of Alba.
• tin ore: chemical composition is a ** hand of tin, the degree of hardness 6.5, density quality 7 g / cm 3, its color slant to yellowing or is brown or black, and has a primary importance in the extraction of tin operations is found in granite rocks in the famous tin Island ( Cornwall), which was Chehrnha wide since the Romans, and in Alsond Islands and in the semi-Mlqo Island in Bolivia.
• At Albu **: chemical composition is water or hand ** aluminum, the degree of hardness of 1 to 3 specific density of 2.5 g / cm 3, which is white and sometimes tends to redness or brown depending on the impurities that.
Derives its name from the village of Bo ** in the French province of Provence and extracted from aluminum and is available in France, Italy, the United States, and there is a tremendous amount in tropical West Africa.
metal salts:
• calcite: chemical composition Hokrbunat calcium, the degree of hardness 3, density quality 2.72 g / cm 3, which is colorless and transparent if the types of transparency and the price of what is known ((crystals Iceland) They are used in optical instruments industry because of duplication implications optical, that is, they give two the same thing, and there are other types of calcite vary in the degree of purity, there is complete Mka Mountains composed of calcite. In fact marble crystalline Kah consists of granules Alcalast. It's also for the uplink and downlink limestone columns in caves and underground caves.
Time and other important Mrbunat magnesium carbonate and iron carbonate and zinc carbonate and importance in being able to source for minerals. There Osdhas copper carbonate, a precious stones used in the decorations.
Albcelikat: (Alsellsak acid salts) and they are many in number and widespread in nature and its industrial importance in most cases, including:
• Mica: silicate, aluminum and some other metals: 2.5 degree of hardness, density quality 2.9 g / cm 3, a metal glossy semi-transparent color if the net. There are in the form of crystals or chips and the most important mines in Madagascar and India.
• Asbestos: This name is called on a range of different fibrous minerals installation, including metal and amphibole Alsrienten exist in the form of fibrous lumps can be made into woven fabrics and non-combustible. These fibers are used in construction work if mixed with cement. The most important areas of its presence in Canada (Alsrienten) and South Africa (amphibole).
• open: magnesium silicate water: 1 degree hardness, density quality 2.79 g / cm 3 and while turns into a powder becomes greasy appearance (talcum powder) and is used in perfumes, paint, pesticides, rubber and paper industry.
• Yellow Sapphire: (Topaz) chemical composition is aluminum silicate and immediately, the degree of hardness 8, qualitative density 3.5 g / cm 3, a yellow or green transparent and uses Kohjar precious and there in the Urals, Brazil and the island of Alba.
• stone Alnotea: (Alcalamna): chemical composition is zinc silicate has an essential role in the extraction of zinc. There is in Belgium and Germany.
• apatite: chemical composition is calcium phosphate containing fluorine, frequently in Norway and is used in the fertilizer industry.
• Almagnati: chemical composition is or ** natural iron hand, the degree of hardness 6, quality of 5.2 g / cm3 density, one of the iron pillars, the color tends to black magnetism strong commonly found in Sweden and the Urals has a mine in France is a mine of Anjou Anjpu.
• Gypsum: chemical composition of water calcium sulfate, the degree of hardness 2, qualitative density 2.3 g / cm 3, a metal loose colorless or slant to white if it is pure when Atschen loses part of its water and turns into a plaster. Gypsum is also included in the cement industry.
• Gold in South Africa: South Africa produced 970 tonnes of gold per year, equivalent to 76.8% of annual production in Western science. The Soviet Union produced 450 tons of gold annually.
• tin in Malaya: Cornwall was an important source of tin, but Malaio today produces more than a third of the world needs it. If an annual production of 73,000 tons of it.
• minerals in Congo: Congo knew, a long time ago, his wealth of mineral .fmntqh Kasai famous for diamonds extracted as more than half of the world production of diamonds from this region as the Congo come in sixth place in terms of copper production. And gaining new importance to the production of uranium.
• Copper in Chile: The Chilean fourth of the world in copper production, with an annual production of 669 million tons. In large mines such as Hukiqamata mine actually at an altitude of 3478 m. Chile also produces a variety of Vlt metal mining industry, however, the only president not based on copper, but on molybdenum Molybdenum. They produce than 2440 tons per year.
• At Albu ** in Jamaica: since its production began recently, even in 1952 it was considered the seventh state produced since production was not assaulted 420000 tons. If it becomes the most important source for bu ** At today as the world's production of it reached 10319000 tons, equivalent to a quarter of the global production of about 46 million tons
