Tuesday, June 9, 2015

Kartoneto Dead, gold, silver and Galena



Galena

Chemical composition: Lead sulfate.

Gelling system: isometric.

Exterior: a common cubic crystals and
granular monolithic blocks, with Gray gray color.
Physical properties: a soft hardness (5/2 to 8/2), very heavy weight unbreakable, complete with schizophrenia, tinted with metallic luster, a Mkhaddh gray and gray color.
Environment: located in the veins under high and low temperature or in the gaps and cracks in the limestone rocks. Common minerals associated with Galena are: Svalrat, Barrett, Klkuperet, metals etc .. silver. Galena common metals and secondary accompaniment for a number of rocks.
Uses: galena ore is the key to the lead that is used in batteries, glass and ceramic products industry. Also used in welding and paint, also added to gasoline.
Range: Found in small amounts in volcanoes associated with the formation Alhawwasnh In Hatat melt down (in the spatial origin) rocks, and in the Green Mountain formation Siq base.



Gold and silver
Although studies of geochemical metal gold and silver in many areas in the Sultanate, but there was no valid there for imaging samples so far. These two elements are often accost are accompanying the mineralization Solid sulfur or iron in Kabbaatha. Gold in Oman there is usually in the form of metal between the metal sulfide Alakharyy granules or in quartz veins. I found silver in the crystalline structures of some metals such as sulphide (Ferrerbergat, Ttrahid Wright, Tinanti).


Almnat
Chemical composition: iron oxide and titanium.

Gelling system: Hexagonal.

External shape: flat crystals, or Cefhah Maanah and also granular or compact communities, Lions have color or dark brown.
Physical properties: hardness ranging between (5-6), heavy weight, colorless schizophrenia, opaque and has a metallic luster, sometimes be of Daiqh magnetic property increases with temperature. It shall be loosed thick textures with metal Alehikeli magnesium oxide and titanium) and The Black Mkhaddh to dark brown.
Environment: This metal exists in huge quantities in the sand, especially as the sands of the sea also exist in trans such as: rock (Nice and chest and chlorite), a metal commonly found in igneous rocks underground.
Uses: ore is a major titanium metal used in titanium dioxide, which is used for the manufacture of paper and plastic pigments industry.
His presence: Etwaj in Sih Hatat area accompanist of heavy metals and other Kalmonazet zircon.


Kartoneto
Chemical composition: Vanadett potassium, uranium Almmaoh.
Gelling system: monoclinic.
Exterior: Flour, crystallization, earthy powdery, light yellow color, a rare presence in the form of crystals.
Natural properties: Very smooth, heavy weight, easy breakage (brittle), complete with schizophrenia earthy luster which has a radioactive strength.
Environment: metal byproduct groundwater impact on metals enrichment. Resides in the sandstone rocks rich in organic matter, also cracks in the limestone, rock phosphate.
Uses: Energy is one of metals, and it mainly raw uranium and Vandiom.
His presence: present in small quantities through the level of stratification and in some cracks limestone rock in the Sultanate of Oman.



Pirollosit and Majnti and Svalrat

Majnti Chemical composition: iron oxide. Gelling system: isometric. Exterior: compact and in the form of bluish granular blocks iridescent color as

well as black Shiny.
Natural properties: Salbh ranging from (5/5 to 5/6), very heavy weight, colorless schizophrenia but
broken, Mtefye with a metallic luster, has a high magnetic.

Environment: common in many kinds of rocks which is uncommon in the basal rocks and above the basal and there are large blocks found in sedimentary rocks Alhtateh either in metamorphic environment Vetoagd touching the environment rocky transition area known sediments associated with the ore.
Uses: is the most important and highest source of iron ore, containing 72% iron and is used widely in the steel industry.
His presence: There Almajnti small quantities in Amman in volcanic rocks accompanied with sediment Alklkuperet as well as in iron Triet as in sediments Alhawwasnh.

Sphalerite
Chemical composition: zinc sulfide.
Gelling system: isometric.
Exterior: granular blocks sizes fabricated. Sometimes it is a bar or belt hidden gelling and compact blocks with a white color in the case of a pure but popularized in yellow, brown, or black (black color refer to the presence of iron impurities).
Natural properties: the average hardness (3.5-4) heavy weight, unbreakable, with a fully transparent segmentation with diamond glitter or Colloidal, Mtefye with semi-metallic luster, a Mkhaddh light yellow or reddish.
Environment: simultaneously with other metal sulphides. And it resides in the veins and sediment Replacement of limestone rocks.
Uses: a major source of raw zinc metal, zinc is used for the work of brass and galvanized iron (zinc coating in Kabroliti) solution as well as zinc used to work sheets of zinc.
His presence: High amount of sync with sediment sulphides Solid volcanoes in the veins of limestone rocks.


Pirollosit

Chemical composition: manganese dioxide.

Gelling system: quad.

Exterior: Levy, Off, rigid, or accumulated dirt blocks, rarely black presence in the crystalline state.
Physical properties: soft (1-2), heavy, weak schizophrenia, opaque, with a metallic luster, either the kind that have greasy greasy, black leaves traces on the fingers of the hand when rubbed out.
Environment: There is usually in sedimentary rocks Chrisobiat chemical environment, as well as results from other metals such as manganese turning Mangenat, Saleomlin or Rodocrosat, as there is in the form of nodules in the bottom of the sea. As the outer layers of the walls there are cracks in the form of forest.
Uses: the most important of the metal manganese ore containing 60% Manganese is used in the steel industry and the iron and manganese electric cells, batteries and sulfur.
His presence: I found many layers of manganese in reducing and Mount flesh head area in the south of APRA, overlapping with flint, and child in the rocks Alhawwasnh group.


The chemical composition of pyrite and Juliet William and Nate

Limonite Chemical composition: iron oxides Almmah.
Gelling system: no crystalline clusters.
Exterior: consists of a
semi-metallic materials for iron oxides amorphous (gel), clay, oxides Amonez, may be at Awolt form, Fullone earthy or in the form of porous blocks, ranging in color from yellow to yellow brown when Vtata and when it is more adherent to be color Msauda.
Physical properties: Many diversity depending on its ingredients. Often the average hardness (5-5.5) If the rich Paljyothit, unbreakable glass to earthy, Mkhaddhh light brown and is used to distinguish it from the metal hematite. And if heated in the air it turns into hematite.
Environment: metal on the surface of the scope of secondary oxidation of iron sediments, as well as a metal backward after the melting of carbonate rocks and Sulaikatah and resides on the surface of the crust cracks in the lava oxidizing overlapping rocks.
Uses: is a metal railing secondary has a 48% -63% of the iron component. Yellow ocher used as a color in dyes.
His presence: We have near some of the veins in the volcanic igneous rocks, as well as iron Allatrit accompanist for hematite.

Joc
Chemical composition: iron oxide Almmah.
Gelling system: Mwinyi.
Exterior: Cefhah crystals, needle, granular, or brown acid form gathering, Albright also takes the form of (metal fabricator).
Physical properties: hardness ranging from (5-5.5) heavy weight, fully schizophrenia, texture and Mkhaddhh Yellow Brown, also becomes Mnatisa when heated for a long time.
Environment: From the main components of metal limonite. Rare as a metal secondary.
Uses: Khama is important to iron either some ocher (ferric oxide natural water) is used Kdhan.
His presence: Green Mountain resides in the form of pyrite crystals. It is hard to distinguish it from the metal Garnett Fanja also resides in the area.


Berit

Chemical composition: iron sulfide.

Gelling system: equal dimensions.

Exterior: complete crystallization usually on a cubic shape and the outline, solid, granular or in the form of stalactite and blocks fossilized. Always a dark yellow color, sometimes brown or yellowing of the diagonal light yellow. Markzi metal sulfides of iron pyrite generally similar to, but less solid than what Noam (5-6) and has a lighter color and both minerals (pyrite and Almarkzi) can their presence with coal.
Natural properties: hardness (6-6.5) with a heavy weight metallic luster, crisp little schizophrenic, scratching Green slant of blackness known gold deceptive and his ways when the hammer shows a flash spark.
Environment: We have almost all under conditions of high metal deposition degrees of Mamjma to sea surface temperature around zero Celsius, common in volcanic rock surface, benthic, sedimentary, metamorphic rocks and in the veins of sulphides. The origin of primary, secondary, and exist in sedimentary rocks nodal blocks and strips planned.
Uses: the task of metals raw economic terms, a major source of sulfur used in the sulfuric acid industry. And it can also be used Kkham limited quantities of iron, but it is considered to be of good quality. Some of pyrite containing gold.
He was: a common minerals in Oman, and there are a lot solid Kaarouk or Kaqrarh in volcanic rocks with sulfur and other minerals.

Metal Mlakit and Gromit Hematite

Mlakit Chemical composition: copper carbonate Almmah.
Gelling system: monoclinic.
Exterior: is often in the form of needle crystals and
sometimes fibrous or radioactive form pool. And usually it consists of a green layer on the rocks in gossan with copper sulphide mineralization.
Physical properties: the average hardness (5.3-4), heavy weight, unbreakable, good schizophrenia and has a silky luster. It also has a Mkhaddh green color turn black when heated.
Environment: There are mainly in the oxidation of sulfide deposits of copper areas as well as widespread in stone deposited by groundwater.
Uses: often used for decoration, and little of it there is Kkham copper, important for scientists and interested.
His presence: there are on the outer surface layer of the oxidized zones conjugated with metals usually copper in rock crevices and cracks.

Chromite
                         
Chemical composition: iron and chromium oxide.

Gelling system: isometric.

Exterior: black, it exists in the form of pressurized or nodal granular blocks.
Natural properties: a hardness (5.5) heavy weight, colorless schizophrenia but unbreakable, non-transparent with a metallic luster half, either Almkhaddh is dark brown as his recipe magnetic light.
Environment: resides in the rocks (peridotite) basal basal and benchtop formed in the early stages of crystallization in the form of layers or pores of the monolith which, metal outcroppings of common metal impurities associated Eromet.
Uses: the only raw metal chrome, contains 46% of chromium, is used in alloy steel industry, steel, chrome, sheets, dyes and in leather tanning.
His presence: peridotite discovered in Oman on the volumes of fabricated chromite deposits. Some of these sediments in the area and SMD Regmi a good qualities, and deposits Regmi been partially exploited since 1983.
Hematite
                   

Chemical composition: ferric oxide.

Gelling system: Mwinyi.

Exterior: a pressurized blocks, granular solid, Ahaaana be fragile earthen red color. This type is known as red ocher. It is sometimes ossified, as well as be Rsasia steel color, bloody red or bright red. There is also a metal on the lamellar body (iron oxide red Buraq).
Physical properties: hardness ranging between (5/5 to 5/6) with the exception of species dirt, very heavy, breakable colorless schizophrenia dark color and has a metallic luster, Mkhaddhh dark red or red brown, becomes magnetic in the case of slowly heated.
Environment: resides in the metamorphic rocks of low and medium-grade metamorphic and sediment chemical substitution, unless accompanied by limestone and Almajma to contain a small percentage of ferrous oxide such as granite and isocyanate (MIC). There is also in the form of deposits as a result of erosion Alatrit basal rocks or above the base.
Uses: the most important iron ore contains 70% of the metallic iron. Red ocher used in a powder for polishing dyes.
His presence: I have discovered a lot of deposits Alatrit in Amman but are not extracted on a large scale as in the discharge, and Nipa Fanja.

Ores of metals such as copper and natural Krizokola and Kalkuperet

Kalkuperet  Chemical composition: iron and copper sulfide. Gelling system: quad.
Exterior: compact, or in the form of yellow in color Light coherent microscopic granules and
some with bronze color Mtefye sparkle.
Natural properties: the average hardness (5.3-4), heavy weight, which eliminates Altvlq, easy fracture, with a metallic luster Mtefye, raw Mkhaddh blackish green, called the false gold.
Environment: Ideal for high thermal sediments (sons unclear gelling solid or veins Ahramaia). Online with some sulphides (pyrite, Galena, Beroti, Svalarat), in volcanic rocks Amonysiomah iron impurities in the mass exchange in contact rocks.
Uses: Contains 35% of copper, it is of the most important sources of copper ore. About 80% of world copper found Kkham Klkuperet. Copper is used extensively as wires, electric (which is a good conductor of electricity) and in brass, bronze industry.
His presence: existed many surface oxidized ores of metal-bearing copper Kabritid- Sultanate. Valhfr in some Algosanat proved the existence of Alklkuperet have been drilled three copper mines sediment (white, lame, Afternoon). The largest amount of sediment in the volcanic rocks of the ophiolite has got, and in the sub-gabbro Kaarouk.

Krizokola

Chemical composition: copper silicate Almmahh.
Gelling system: monoclinic.
Exterior: earthy, cortices minutes to take shape, with green glossy bluish color, brown to black when it is in the case of non-pure.
Natural properties: crisp soft to medium hardness between (2-4) Light Alon, a half-transparent glass glitter or greasy, and it becomes a gelatinous texture Celikati when adding hydrochloric acid to it. Some species have Crushed clamshell.
Environment: there chrysocolla copper deposits in areas Oxygenated be accompanied by metals such as copper Okhryy Zurit, Mlakit Koprit and thus be an important evidence of the presence of copper mineralization subsurface.
Uses: it is a useful copper ores, although it is not of fundamental importance.
His presence: resides in the volcanic rock surface containing copper deposits and usually fills the veins and cracks.

Natural copper

Chemical composition: Copper

Gelling system: isometric

Exterior: We have the form of "irregular blocks, sheets, or the macho forms of wire mesh, coppery red color.
Natural properties: crisp and hardness ranging from (5.2-3) very Nthel. Retractable and roads, with a metallic luster, colorless schizophrenia, opaque color to Black.
Environment: consists catch in basaltic lava. It also consists in the oxidation zones of copper sulphide deposits. Rare in large quantities to exploitation.
Uses: copper sources in the case of its presence in large quantities.
His presence: in the Sultanate of Oman There Kabiei small amounts of copper in the oxidation zones of sulfide copper mineralization deposits. In the area of ​​basaltic lava and usually fills the gaps and veins.

Search Minerals. Some information about minerals. And the types of metals

Minerals
Stores subsoil lot of different minerals that are essential in the mineral industry and spread of these metals in the form of metals mixed with other substances like
sulfur or chlorine or not ** Jane etc ... as races may be a net.
We have found that the so-called rock groups is the name of metal materials that are earth's crust.
With that there are many rocks consist of one metal material such as those that exist in abundance in the alpine region and that gives us white marble, it is made up of metal and one is calcite. The group Dolomite mountains in northern Italy is made up of rocks and other vehicle is of metal Aldoolomt. These rocks, known as ((Statistics rocks)).
The metallurgy is a science that deals with the natural minerals that are found within the earth's crust condition. This flag is also looking at the properties of metals and works with them to detect and analyze samples careful analysis to detect physical and chemical composition, characteristics and other ...
It consists of metals chemical element and one is a famous tab known as sections ((Mendeleev table)). That it is rare to find any of them in isolation or in the case of purity sincere. It is often found various other elements of the pillars of the same, even if we found pure or by a very small proportion of impurities, we call it the name ((pure element)).
• Gold: 2.5 degree of hardness, specific density of 19.6 g / cm 3, a yellow and metallic luster. There is either a gold dust and either in the form of particles or granules. And what's more gold is used in jewelry industry, if the caliber of 24-carat pure gold was and if it was 18 carats contains 75% pure gold.
Gold has impressed people since ancient times they sought him and battled him. You can pull gold in the form of thin sheets per thickness of which does not exceed 12000/1 mm. That acquires hardness If mixing copper. Within the soil it takes the form of veins or mixed with sand has led to the search for new geographical discoveries and the densely populated cities in places may not be habitable. It is also used as a cover for criticism paper in most countries of the world and in jewelry, coins and paint pots industry.
Distributed gold in the following countries and South Africa (Angola and Transvalya), Canada, the United States, Australia, Ghana, Rhodesia, the Philippines, Mulumbaa, Japan, pain ** Iike, Congo, Nicaragua, Egypt, Russia (Siberia, the Urals), India, China and the UK Saudi Arabia.
• Silver: the degree of hardness 2.5 - 3, qualitative density of 10.5 g / cm 3 for a white metallic luster. They are found in the form of tree blocks or in the form of intertwined filaments and the largest mines are in pain Iike ** In Canada, Peru, used almost as gold.
• Copper: The degree of hardness 3, qualitative density 8.9 g / cm 3, to the color red, metallic luster. It is a relatively rare metal and there in the form of antiseptic beautiful complex crystals. It was discovered by the Iron: The countries of the eastern Mediterranean known copper and used it since about 3600 BC.
Lin and copper in its natural state, but is gaining a bit of hardness if mixing tin, so that gives a bronze tin to be 8% of the total weight. And also it blends with nickel, zinc or with silicon and manganese with gold or gives other forms of metals are used in various industries.
Copper is found in nature and a net in the form of metals are: copper sulfur ScU, or hand ** Copper CuO, polycarbonate and copper co3cu. The industry is going through in three stages: the first and second concludes in which impurities are separated from the rest of minerals and third net to make it pure. And the process of conducting these purified by electrolysis solution in industrial centers where electricity is available. Copper is also used in machinery and flexes the radio industry and in some household appliances and cars.
Copper production is distributed in the following countries: the United States, Russia, Canada, Althley, Peru, pain ** Iike ... etc. It is estimated copper reserves in the world's 130 million tons, of which 70 million tons in the Americas alone. That's what made it for a period of controlling the trade in copper along with Japan, but aluminum and other metal alloys that have managed solutions replace copper eased crowding out of this control.
• Platinum: 4.5 degree of hardness, density quality 21 g / cm 3, which is white gray, metallic luster. It is there in the form of round granules, especially in the Urals in Russia, Canada and Colombia. Platinum is used in jewelery and precious Alwatq vessels and laboratories if the degree of melting in 1750 D.m.
• Iron: 5 degree of hardness, density quality 7.8 g / cm 3, the color gray, metallic luster. Iron is used in more industries, including mechanical machinery, commercial and military fleets, weapons, construction, railways and factories. Heavy industry was not without light or iron so it was said ((The state what progress is measured by the amount of iron, which manufactured by that State)). For this reason, many demand and increased use since the beginning of the nineteenth century hauling industry of the greatest industries in the world. It is characterized with the following characteristics: a heavy need a lot of coal to produce steel, and many need to be supported worker, and provide the necessary Ttaghizah for various industrial materials activities.
That must be available in iron ore, in order to be usable the following conditions: to be rich in iron which contain 60% of the iron, to be pure of harmful impurities such as phosphorus and beneficial Kalkrom, and to be finally plentiful.
Rail industry is characterized by extremely important and profoundly affect the economic situation and therefore the political situation. The spread of iron in the earth's crust at different rates ranging between 5 and 70%. The most important rock that is extracted from it: Almagnati, (which Ajodha) and hematite and limonite and Alsedric.
And the intervention of some metals in the iron industry standing, hardness and resistance are: manganese. The most important countries which are produced by Russia, India, South Africa and Brazil. And also it enters Almrom important producing countries are: Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Cuba, Rhodesia. Altangostin The most important producing countries are Malaysia, China, the United States.
The production of iron and is distributed in the following countries: United States, Brazil, Venezuela, Britain, Germany, France, Sweden, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania ... etc.
Finally we point out that 85% of North American production of iron is in the Lakes region and that Peru and Russia produce minerals mixed with iron increases the hardness Hee vanadium.
• Aluminium: a modern metal discovery, since it only discovered in the late nineteenth century and after the remarkable progress in the science of chemistry g extract mixed with Bala ** Jane in the form of metals called ** At Albu, relative to the French city of Bauxe, where it was for the first time , the world's chemical and Keller Wokler.
And metals Albu ** At containing ratio ranging between 20 and 25% of the raw aluminum. After we get rid of impurities on the hands or ** pure aluminum (alumina) and then separates the initial Jane ** Secretary-by power supply we get pure aluminum.
Features that aluminum metal lighter weight and transmission of electrical current and, thanks to its color White harmful to acquire resistance to blue if mixing copper and magnesium is used in the manufacture of kitchen utensils in the automotive, wire and motor industry and aircraft industry.
Aluminum production is distributed in the following countries: France, Hungary, Italy, ... etc. That Jamaica occupies first place in the production.
 radioactive minerals: uranium
Uranium ore were not to know before World War II and then take him exploration is increasing in the world. That metal is present in rocks dating back to the era of pre-Cambrian rocks in the first phase. A fierce blast is used in nuclear power, which in turn is going ships and submarines and generate electricity making. The world's uranium is used for peaceful purposes in medicine shops military purposes.
There are more likely radioactive metals are Ataiwriom and lithium, hydrogen, plutonium and fission are all Qaalh.
Distributed these metals production in Russia, the People's China, the United States ... etc. But the quantities remain confidential military reasons.
Not suitable for the exploitation of uranium ore that were not contained on the ratio of not less than 2 per thousand of any metal 2 kg of metal in a thousand kilos of metals.
 nonferrous metal: the most important.
• Diamond: chemical composition of carbon is met, the degree of hardness 10, awareness density 3.5 g / cm 3. Raw diamond is not sheen polished diamonds show curvatures in the face. Then it is rare.
• graphite: plug the chemical is a natural or industrial carbon, the degree of hardness 1, qualitative density of 2.2 g / cm 3, the color black, semi-metallic luster, and its appearance lipid. If the rare diamond, the nature provide some sort of carbon at least in purity carbon for diamonds, namely graphite.
And exploit the vulnerability of the fragmentation of graphite and color pencils in black industry can be used as conductor of electricity it is located in the island of Ceylon, Siberia and North Omrca.
 composite metals from sulfur
• zinc ore: chemical composition is Kbritoz zinc, the degree of hardness, specific density of 3.9 g / cm 3 and its color varies between white and dark brown, and some types of optical radiation and is available in abundance and extracted from the zinc.
• Alsinabar: chemical composition is Kbritoz mercury, 2.5 degree of hardness, density quality 8.1 g / cm 3, the color crimson or black, earthy luster, and is available in Spain (in the cities mines that was the Carthaginians exploit) and in Italy and the United States.
• Albierit: chemical composition is Kbritoz iron, hardness degree 6, density quality 5 g / cm 3, its yellow color and luster Floe. There are in the form of beautiful crystals used in the production of sulfuric acid. It is widely available in many of the private in the United States, Spain, Russia and countries.
• Alchalkuperet: The chemical composition of double Kbritoz iron and copper. 4 degree of hardness, density quality 4.3 g / cm 3, to crispy golden yellow color to shine bright. There is abundant in North and South America and in Spain.
 metals except ** hand:
• quartz (quartz): chemical composition is silica or silicon or ** hand, the degree of hardness 7, specific density of 2.65 g / cm 3. There are in Brazil and Italy is either pure transparent colorless and called the name of rock crystal. Or purple (because it has a little of manganese, known as Aljhmt Jamri or sapphire). There are in Uruguay and Brazil. But if the color yellow is defined as the Emerald false (Brazil). If brown in color is defined as the quartz Allbani found in the Alps in the province of Uri Uri in Switzerland, that all these forms are translucent.
• Garnet: Calcedon is either dark or white if pure. If the redness is defined marred by red agate, and jade behalf if tilted to brown in color and yellowing as the Alkrizueraz if the green, and when it is composed of strips of different colors is defined as the jade bar, and in the name onyx If Ohlotenh Mdzah. All of these precious stones known as hardwood and while fine-tune used in jewelry and gems industry.
• Sapphire: chemical composition is aluminum or ** d, 9 degree of hardness, density quality 4 g / cm 3, a colorless if pure. It consists of many stones Sapphire if it contains some impurities is defined red rubies if the red (no in Burma) and sapphires if the impurities blue (found in Thailand). Some stones Sapphire least as there are beautiful and known as Al Dhafrah stone.
• Bloodstone: The chemical composition is or ** hand of iron, varying the degree of hardness from 1 to 6, quality of 5.2 g / cc density 3 color gray or brown and when turned into powder becomes the color red pours and plays an important role in the extraction of iron operations, there is a lot in Sweden, Spain, Canada, Brazil, France and the island of Alba.
• tin ore: chemical composition is a ** hand of tin, the degree of hardness 6.5, density quality 7 g / cm 3, its color slant to yellowing or is brown or black, and has a primary importance in the extraction of tin operations is found in granite rocks in the famous tin Island ( Cornwall), which was Chehrnha wide since the Romans, and in Alsond Islands and in the semi-Mlqo Island in Bolivia.
• At Albu **: chemical composition is water or hand ** aluminum, the degree of hardness of 1 to 3 specific density of 2.5 g / cm 3, which is white and sometimes tends to redness or brown depending on the impurities that.
Derives its name from the village of Bo ** in the French province of Provence and extracted from aluminum and is available in France, Italy, the United States, and there is a tremendous amount in tropical West Africa.
 metal salts:
• calcite: chemical composition Hokrbunat calcium, the degree of hardness 3, density quality 2.72 g / cm 3, which is colorless and transparent if the types of transparency and the price of what is known ((crystals Iceland) They are used in optical instruments industry because of duplication implications optical, that is, they give two the same thing, and there are other types of calcite vary in the degree of purity, there is complete Mka Mountains composed of calcite. In fact marble crystalline Kah consists of granules Alcalast. It's also for the uplink and downlink limestone columns in caves and underground caves.
Time and other important Mrbunat magnesium carbonate and iron carbonate and zinc carbonate and importance in being able to source for minerals. There Osdhas copper carbonate, a precious stones used in the decorations.
 Albcelikat: (Alsellsak acid salts) and they are many in number and widespread in nature and its industrial importance in most cases, including:
• Mica: silicate, aluminum and some other metals: 2.5 degree of hardness, density quality 2.9 g / cm 3, a metal glossy semi-transparent color if the net. There are in the form of crystals or chips and the most important mines in Madagascar and India.
• Asbestos: This name is called on a range of different fibrous minerals installation, including metal and amphibole Alsrienten exist in the form of fibrous lumps can be made into woven fabrics and non-combustible. These fibers are used in construction work if mixed with cement. The most important areas of its presence in Canada (Alsrienten) and South Africa (amphibole).
• open: magnesium silicate water: 1 degree hardness, density quality 2.79 g / cm 3 and while turns into a powder becomes greasy appearance (talcum powder) and is used in perfumes, paint, pesticides, rubber and paper industry.
• Yellow Sapphire: (Topaz) chemical composition is aluminum silicate and immediately, the degree of hardness 8, qualitative density 3.5 g / cm 3, a yellow or green transparent and uses Kohjar precious and there in the Urals, Brazil and the island of Alba.
• stone Alnotea: (Alcalamna): chemical composition is zinc silicate has an essential role in the extraction of zinc. There is in Belgium and Germany.
• apatite: chemical composition is calcium phosphate containing fluorine, frequently in Norway and is used in the fertilizer industry.
• Almagnati: chemical composition is or ** natural iron hand, the degree of hardness 6, quality of 5.2 g / cm3 density, one of the iron pillars, the color tends to black magnetism strong commonly found in Sweden and the Urals has a mine in France is a mine of Anjou Anjpu.
• Gypsum: chemical composition of water calcium sulfate, the degree of hardness 2, qualitative density 2.3 g / cm 3, a metal loose colorless or slant to white if it is pure when Atschen loses part of its water and turns into a plaster. Gypsum is also included in the cement industry.
• Gold in South Africa: South Africa produced 970 tonnes of gold per year, equivalent to 76.8% of annual production in Western science. The Soviet Union produced 450 tons of gold annually.
• tin in Malaya: Cornwall was an important source of tin, but Malaio today produces more than a third of the world needs it. If an annual production of 73,000 tons of it.
• minerals in Congo: Congo knew, a long time ago, his wealth of mineral .fmntqh Kasai famous for diamonds extracted as more than half of the world production of diamonds from this region as the Congo come in sixth place in terms of copper production. And gaining new importance to the production of uranium.
• Copper in Chile: The Chilean fourth of the world in copper production, with an annual production of 669 million tons. In large mines such as Hukiqamata mine actually at an altitude of 3478 m. Chile also produces a variety of Vlt metal mining industry, however, the only president not based on copper, but on molybdenum Molybdenum. They produce than 2440 tons per year.
• At Albu ** in Jamaica: since its production began recently, even in 1952 it was considered the seventh state produced since production was not assaulted 420000 tons. If it becomes the most important source for bu ** At today as the world's production of it reached 10319000 tons, equivalent to a quarter of the global production of about 46 million tons
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